Hello, everyone! 我是英文庫的 Celine 🙂,今天要來看 therefore 這個字!
如果要用英文表達「因此」,大多數人第一個會想到的字應該就是 therefore 吧,它的確是一個寫作時很常用的字。法國哲學家笛卡爾的名言「我思故我在」,英文翻譯即為 “I think; therefore I am.”。
不過這個看似容易的字,也是有些小細節要注意喔,往下看看例句中怎麼用 therefore 吧!
therefore 的用法及例句
therefore 是副詞 (adv.),表示「因此、所以」,功能是承接互為因果關係的句子,依照邏輯即為:原因+therefore+結果。
以下三種使用 therefore 的用法,要仔細看例句喔~
1️⃣ 將因果獨立成兩個句子(使用句號)
It was raining heavily. Therefore, the baseball game was put off.
(原因) (結果)
那時雨下很大,因此那場棒球比賽延期了。
2️⃣ 用分號來連接因果兩句
Peter didn’t finish his homework; therefore, he was punished.
彼得沒有完成他的家庭作業,所以他被處罰了。
3️⃣ 用 and 來連接因果兩句
Lucia worked very hard, and therefore got the chance of promotion.
露西亞很努力工作,因此她得到了晉升的機會。
( *前後句的主詞相同,所以後半句的主詞通常會省略)
以上就是 therefore 主要的用法,此外,因為副詞的位置比較彈性,所以 therefore 也可以放入結果句的句中作為插入語,這樣的寫法也算滿常見的。
我們接著就來看看,如果以上方的例句作為範例,therefore 的句子可以長怎樣:
- Lucia worked very hard, and therefore got the chance of promotion.
- Lucia worked very hard. Therefore, she got the chance of promotion.
- Lucia worked very hard; therefore, she got the chance of promotion.
- Lucia worked very hard, and she therefore got the chance of promotion. (插入語)
- Lucia worked very hard. She therefore got the chance of promotion. (插入語)
- Lucia worked very hard. She, therefore, got the chance of promotion. (插入語)
Lucia worked very hard, therefore she got the chance of promotion. ❌(therefore 為副詞,不能直接連接句子,要改成第 2.3 句的標點才對)
如同你看到的,在上一組的例句中,結果句為主動語態,但如果是被動語態,句子寫法如下:
- It was raining heavily. Therefore, the baseball game was put off.
- It was raining heavily; therefore, the baseball game was put off.
- It was raining heavily, and therefore the baseball game was put off.
- It was raining heavily. The baseball game, therefore, was put off. (插入語)
- It was raining heavily. The baseball game was therefore put off. (插入語)
不要懷疑,以上的寫法都是正確的喔!而關於是否要加上逗號,則沒有標準答案,會隨著句子長度、情境等因素而有不同寫法,所以你不需要為了加不加逗號感到太焦慮喔~
⚠️ 以下的的幾點要留意一下:
注意 ①:therefore 為轉折詞 (transition word),必須在有明確因果關係時才能使用,不能單獨用 therefore 來呈現結果。
注意 ②:therefore 不是連接詞,所以沒有連接句子的功能,如果要將因果兩句合為一句話,必須使用分號,或是加上連接詞 and。
注意 ③:therefore 放句首或分號後面時,通常需要在其後加上「逗號」,再接句子。
📖 therefore 為正式的用字,較常使用於書面,口語中通常會使用 so 來表達因果關係。(這個概念還滿類似說中文時,口語會用「所以」而不是「因此」,這樣應該就很容易理解了吧~)
It’s cold outside, so you should wear a jacket.
外面很冷,所以你應該要穿件夾克。I have a fever, so I cannot go to work today.
我發燒了,所以我今天無法去上班。
📖 與 therefore 一樣是副詞的同義字詞還有:thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, as a consequence
That’s All for Today
其實用對 therefore 一點也不難,掌握了正確用法後,下次試著運用在你的英文作文幫你的文章加分吧!😉
想了解更多可以參考以下的文章~
👉【因此/所以 英文】So、Therefore、Thus、Hence 用法上差在哪?(含例句)
記得未來遇到任何英文疑問時,要回來英文庫找答案喔!